Platonismo

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====== Jowett: ION 530d-532b — O problema ======




Veja também: Coletânea de excertos da obra completa de Platão, na tradução de Jowett, indexados por termos relevantes

Soc. I shall take an opportunity of hearing your embellishments of him at some other time. But just now I should like to ask you a question : Does your art extend to Hesiod and Archilochus, or to Homer only ?

Ion. To Homer only ; he is in himself quite enough.

Soc. Are there any things about which Homer and Hesiod agree ?

Ion. Yes ; in my opinion there are a good many.

Soc. And can you interpret better what Homer says, or what Hesiod says, about these matters in which they agree ?

Ion. I can interpret them equally well, Socrates, where they agree.

Soc. But what about matters in which they do not agree ? — for example, about divination, of which both Homer and Hesiod have something to say —

Ion. Very true !

Soc. Would you or a good prophet be a better interpreter of what these two poets say about divination, not only when they agree, but when they disagree ?

Ion. A prophet.

Soc. And if you were a prophet, would you be able to interpret them when they disagree as well as when they agree ?

Ion. Clearly.

Soc. But how did you come to have this skill about Homer only, and not about Hesiod or the other poets ? Does not Homer speak of the same themes which all other poets handle ? Is not war his great argument ? and does he not speak of human society and of intercourse of men, good and bad, skilled and unskilled, and of the gods conversing with one another and with mankind, and about what happens in heaven and in the world below, and the generations of gods and heroes ? Are not these the themes of which Homer sings ?

Ion. Very true, Socrates.

Soc. And do not the other poets sing of the same ?

Ion. Yes, Socrates ; but not in the same way as Homer.

Soc. What, in a worse way ?

Ion. Yes, in a far worse.

Soc. And Homer in a better way ?

Ion. He is incomparably better.

Soc. And yet surely, my dear friend Ion, in a discussion about arithmetic, where many people are speaking, and one speaks better than the rest, there is somebody who can judge which of them is the good speaker ?

Ion. Yes.

Soc. And he who judges of the good will be the same as he who judges of the bad speakers ?

Ion. The same.

Soc. And he will be the arithmetician ?

Ion. Yes.

Soc. Well, and in discussions about the wholesomeness of food, when many persons are speaking, and one speaks better than the rest, will he who recognizes the better speaker be a different person from him who recognizes the worse, or the same ?

Ion. Clearly the same.

Soc. And who is he, and what is his name ?

Ion. The physician.

Soc. And speaking generally, in all discussions in which the subject is the same and many men are speaking, will not he who knows the good know the bad speaker also ? For if he does not know the bad, neither will he know the good when the same topic is being discussed.

Ion. True.

Soc. Is not the same person skilful in both ?

Ion. Yes.

Soc. And you say that Homer and the other poets, such as Hesiod and Archilochus, speak of the same things, although not in the same way ; but the one speaks well and the other not so well ?

Ion. Yes ; and I am right in saying so.

Soc. And if you knew the good speaker, you would also know the inferior speakers to be inferior ?

Ion. That is true.

Soc. Then, my dear friend, can I be mistaken in saying that Ion is equally skilled in Homer and in other poets, since he himself acknowledges that the same person will be a good judge of all those who speak of the same things ; and that almost all poets do speak of the same things ?