Míguez
9. Son necesarias todas las cosas que resultan de una libre elección y de la suerte; porque, ¿qué otra cosa podría añadirse a éstas? Tomemos por un momento todas las causas: todo lo que existe, sin excepción alguna, se origina de ellas, contando para ello entre las causas exteriores con el movimiento del cielo. Cuando el alma, pues, alterada por las cosas exteriores, actúa de alguna manera, se ve movida con un movimiento ciego, sin que su acción ni su disposición sean entonces voluntarias. Ocurre otro tanto cuando el alma actúa por sí misma, porque no se sujeta en todas partes a sus impulsos rectos y principales. En cambio, cuando toma como guía a la razón pura e impasible, que es lo que propiamente le pertenece, entonces, y sólo entonces, el impulso del alma se vuelve dependiente de nosotros y, por tanto, voluntario; es, en tal momento, nuestra propia obra, que no proviene de otra cosa sino del interior del almaalma pura, esto es, de un principio primero, director y soberano, y no de un alma extraviada por la ignorancia y vencida por la fuerza de unos deseos que, al acercarse a ella, la llevan consigo y la arrastran, no permitiendo que las acciones, sino en todo caso las pasiones, nos sean atribuibles.
Bouillet
Bréhier
9. Tous les événements, qui résultent de la combinaison de la volonté et du hasard, sont nécessaires ; quel autre agent pourrait en effet s’ajouter à ceux-là ? Prenez toutes les causes ; tous les événements absolument en résultent ; et dans les causes extérieures est compris le concours du mouvement du ciel. Lorsque l’âme, changée par les choses extérieures, agit ou entreprend une action, elle est mue comme d’un mouvement aveugle, et ni son action ni sa disposition ne doivent alors s’appeler volontaires ; il en est de même, lorsqu’elle empire spontanément, parce qu’elle ne suit pas toujours ses impulsions droites et essentielles. Mais lorsque, dans son élan, elle prend pour guide la raison pure et impassible qui lui appartient en propre, c’est alors seulement qu’il faut dire que cet élan dépend de nous, qu’il est volontaire, et qu’il est notre oeuvre ; il ne vient pas d’ailleurs que de l’intérieur de l’âme pure, principe premier, dominateur et souverain, et non d’une âme égarée par l’ignorance, abattue par la violence de désirs, qui en survenant la mènent, l’entraînent et ne permettent plus qu’il vienne de nous des actions, mais seulement des passions.
Guthrie
THE SOUL IS FREE WHEN FOLLOWING REASON.
9. All things therefore, which result either from a choice by the soul, or from exterior circumstances, are “necessary,” or determined by a cause. Could anything, indeed, be found outside of these causes ? If we gather into one glance all the causes we admit, we find the principles that produce everything, provided we count, amidst external causes, the influence exercised by the course of the stars. When a soul makes a decision, and carries it out because she is impelled thereto by external things, and yields to a blind impulse, we should not consider her determination and action to be free. The soul is not free when, perverting herself, she does not make decisions which direct her in the straight path. On the contrary, when she follows her own guide, pure and impassible reason, her determination is really voluntary, free and independent, and the deed she performs is really her own work, and not the consequence of an exterior impulse; she derives it from her inner power, her pure being, from the primary and sovereign principle which directs her, being deceived by no ignorance, nor vanquished by the power of appetites; for when the appetites invade the soul, and subdue her, they drag her with them by their violence, and she is rather “passive” than “active” in what she does.
MacKenna
9. We admit, then, a Necessity in all that is brought about by this compromise between evil and accidental circumstance: what room was there for anything else than the thing that is? Given all the causes, all must happen beyond aye or nay – that is, all the external and whatever may be due to the sidereal circuit – therefore when the Soul has been modified by outer forces and acts under that pressure so that what it does is no more than an unreflecting acceptance of stimulus, neither the act nor the state can be described as voluntary: so, too, when even from within itself, it falls at times below its best and ignores the true, the highest, laws of action.
But when our Soul holds to its Reason-Principle, to the guide, pure and detached and native to itself, only then can we speak of personal operation, of voluntary act. Things so done may truly be described as our doing, for they have no other source; they are the issue of the unmingled Soul, a Principle that is a First, a leader, a sovereign not subject to the errors of ignorance, not to be overthrown by the tyranny of the desires which, where they can break in, drive and drag, so as to allow of no act of ours, but mere answer to stimulus.