Igal
16 Pero si alguien se niega a situar al hombre de bien en esta cima de la inteligencia y lo apea a la región de los azares, andará con miedo de que se vea envuelto en ellos y no se atendrá al ideal de hombre de bien que nosotros exigimos, sino que, concibiéndolo como un buen hombre con mezcla de bien y de mal, adjudicará a ese tal una vida entreverada de bien y de mal. Un hombre así no es fácil que exista; pero, si existiera, no merecería el título de hombre feliz, no teniendo altura ni en grado de sabiduría ni en pureza de bondad. No cabe, pues, vivir felizmente en el compuesto. Porque con toda razón estima Platón que, quien aspire a ser sabio y feliz, ha de tomar el bien de allá arriba, ha de poner su mirada en él, ha de asemejarse a él y ha de vivir en conformidad con él.
Y esto debe bastarle para conseguir su fin; las demás cosas son como si cambiara de región sin que perciba por ello nada que añada a su felicidad, sino como quien, en medio de otras cosas que hay también difundidas a su alrededor, tantea si, por ejemplo, ha de establecerse aquí o allá, concediendo al hombre inferior cuanto éste necesita y él pueda, pero manteniéndose él mismo distinto del de acá. Nada le impide abandonar a éste, y lo abandonará a la hora señalada por la naturaleza; pero es dueño de deliberar por sí mismo sobre ello.
En conclusión, algunas de sus obras tenderán a la felicidad; otras, en cambio, no estarán motivadas por el fin ni serán, en absoluto, de él mismo, sino de quien forma pareja con él. Por él velará v con él se avendrá, mientras pueda, como el músico con su lira mientras pueda servirse de ella. Pero si no, la cambiará por otra o prescindirá de los servicios de la lira y se abstendrá de tañer la lira, ocupándose de otra cosa sin la lira, que yacerá olvidada cerca de él, mientras él canta sin instrumentos. Mas no por eso le dieron en balde, ya desde el principio, ese instrumento, pues ya se ha servido de él muchas veces.
Bouillet
Bréhier
16. Si l’on n’élève pas le sage à ce point, si on ne le place pas dans l’Intelligence, si on l’abaisse jusqu’à le soumettre à la fortune et à en craindre pour lui les dangers, c’est que l’on ne conserve pas au mot sage la valeur que nous lui donnons ; on ne voit en lui qu’un brave homme chez qui le bien se mélange au mal, et on lui accorde une vie mêlée de bien et de mal. Mais un pareil homme ne mérite pas d’être appelé heureux ; il n’a pas cette grandeur qui consiste dans la valeur suprême de la sagesse et dans la pureté de la vertu. Il n’est donc pas possible de vivre heureux dans la société [du corps]. Platon a raison de dire que celui qui doit être sage et heureux prend son bien d’en haut ; c’est là-haut qu’il tourne ses regards, qu’il prend son modèle et sa règle de vie. Cela doit suffire à sa fin ; le reste est pour lui comme son lieu d’habitation, qui peut changer sans que son bonheur en soit accru. Certes, il fait de toutes les choses répandues autour de lui l’objet de son action ; il se demande, par exemple, s’il s’établira ici où là ; il accorde à ces choses autant que le commandent les nécessités de la vie et autant que son pouvoir le permet : mais, en lui-même, il est autre qu’elles ; rien ne l’empêche de les quitter ; et il les quittera au moment marqué par la nature ; mais il est maître d’en décider lui-même. Certaines de ces actions tendent au bonheur ; mais d’autres servent non pas à sa fin ni à lui-même, mais au corps qui lui est lié ; il s’occupe de son corps et le supporte, aussi longtemps qu’il lui est possible, comme un musicien fait de sa lyre, tant qu’elle n’est pas hors d’usage ; alors le musicien en change ; ou bien encore il cesse de se servir de lyre, il s’abstient d’en jouer ; il a maintenant une autre oeuvre à accomplir, sans la lyre ; il la laisse par terre et la regarde avec mépris ; et il chante sans s’aider d’un instrument. Était-ce donc un cadeau inutile ? Non pas, au début ; car il s’en est aidé bien souvent.
Guthrie
THE WISE MAN REMAINS UNATTACHED.
16. If the virtuous man were not located in this elevated life of intelligence; if on the contrary he were supposed to be subject to the blows of fate, and if we feared that they would overtake him, our ideal would no longer be that of the virtuous man such as we outline it; we would be considering a vulgar man, mingled with good and evil, of whom a life equally mingled with good and evil would be predicated. Even such a man might not easily be met with, and besides, if we did meet him, he would not deserve to be called a wise man; for there would be nothing great about him, neither the dignity of wisdom, nor the purity of good.
Happiness, therefore, is not located in the life of the common man. Plato rightly says that you have to leave the earth to ascend to the good, and that to become wise and happy, one should turn one’s look towards the only Good, trying to acquire resemblance to Him, and to live a life conformable to Him. That indeed must suffice the wise man to reach his goal. To the remainder he should attach no more value than to changes of location, none of which can add to his happiness. If indeed he pay any attention to external things scattered here and there around him, it is to satisfy the needs of his body so far as he can. But as he is something entirely different from the body, he is never disturbed at having to leave it; and he will abandon it whenever nature will have indicated the time. Besides, he always reserves to himself the right to deliberate about this (time to leave the world by suicide). Achievement of happiness will indeed be his chief goal; nevertheless, he will also act, not only in view of his ultimate goal, or himself, but on the body to which he is united. He will care for this body, and will sustain it as long as possible. Thus a musician uses his lyre so long as he can; but as soon as it is beyond using, he repairs it, or abandons playing the lyre, because he now can do without it. Leaving it on the ground, he will look at it almost with scorn, and will sing without its accompaniment. Nevertheless it will not have been in vain that this lyre will have been originally given to him; for he will often have profited by its use.
MacKenna
16. Those that refuse to place the Sage aloft in the Intellectual Realm but drag him down to the accidental, dreading accident for him, have substituted for the Sage we have in mind another person altogether; they offer us a tolerable sort of man and they assign to him a life of mingled good and ill, a case, after all, not easy to conceive. But admitting the possibility of such a mixed state, it could not be deserved to be called a life of happiness; it misses the Great, both in the dignity of Wisdom and in the integrity of Good. The life of true happiness is not a thing of mixture. And Plato rightly taught that he who is to be wise and to possess happiness draws his good from the Supreme, fixing his gaze on That, becoming like to That, living by That.
He can care for no other Term than That: all else he will attend to only as he might change his residence, not in expectation of any increase to his settled felicity, but simply in a reasonable attention to the differing conditions surrounding him as he lives here or there.
He will give to the body all that he sees to be useful and possible, but he himself remains a member of another order, not prevented from abandoning the body, necessarily leaving it at nature’s hour, he himself always the master to decide in its regard.
Thus some part of his life considers exclusively the Soul’s satisfaction; the rest is not immediately for the Term’s sake and not for his own sake, but for the thing bound up with him, the thing which he tends and bears with as the musician cares for his lyre, as long as it can serve him: when the lyre fails him, he will change it, or will give up lyre and lyring, as having another craft now, one that needs no lyre, and then he will let it rest unregarded at his side while he sings on without an instrument. But it was not idly that the instrument was given him in the beginning: he has found it useful until now, many a time.