Igal
8 Por lo que toca a los dolores del hombre feliz, cuando sean violentos, mientras pueda sobrellevarlos, los sobrellevará; pero si son excesivos, se lo llevarán. Y no será digno de lástima en medio del dolor, sino que su propio fulgor, el fulgor interior, será como la luz dentro de una linterna mientras fuera sopla fuerte el viento huracanado en plena tempestad.
¿Y si deja de estar consciente o el dolor se prolonga agudizándose hasta hacerse violento sin ser, no obstante, mortal?
Si se prolonga, deliberará lo que tiene que hacer, porque, en medio de estos dolores, no se pierde el albedrío. Pero es de saber que tales experiencias en ningún caso las ve el hombre de bien con los mismos ojos que los demás y que en ningún caso le llegan hasta dentro, ni las demás ni las penosas.
¿Y cuando el dolor concierne a otros? La compasión parece ser una flaqueza del alma humana. Prueba de ello son los casos en que el no enterarnos lo tenémos por ganancia; y si sucede que somos nosotros los que morimos, creemos salir ganando y no nos fijamos ya en lo de aquéllos, sino en lo nuestro: en no apenarnos.
Pero la compasión es ya una flaqueza nuestra que hay que extirpar en vez de dejarla estar y andar con miedo de que sobrevenga. Y si alguno dijera que es connatural al hombre el condolerse de las desgracias de los familiares, sepa que no todos son así y que es propio de la virtud elevar la naturaleza ordinaria a un nivel más digno y más noble que el del común de los hombres. Ahora bien, es más noble el no doblegarse a los que la naturaleza ordinaria considera males terribles. No hay que comportarse al modo de un profano, sino como un gran atleta, parando los golpes de la fortuna a sabiendas de que son desagradables para ciertas naturalezas, pero llevaderos para la suya propia, no como males terribles, sino como cocos que asustan a los niños.
¿Es que desea estos males?
No, pero aunque se le presenten males que no deseaba, aun contra éstos está pertrechado de virtud, que hace al alma difícilmente quebrantable y difícilmente afectable.
Bouillet
Bréhier
8. Et ses souffrances personnelles ? — Lorsqu’elles sont violentes, il les supportera tant qu’il pourra ; lorsqu’elles dépassent la mesure, elles l’emporteront. Il n’excitera pas la pitié par ses souffrances ; la flamme qui est en lui brille comme la lumière de la lanterne dans les tourbillons violents des vents et dans la tempête. — Et s’il perd conscience ? Et si la douleur se prolonge sans être pourtant assez forte pour l’anéantir ? — Si elle se prolonge, il décidera ce qu’il doit faire ; car son libre arbitre ne lui est pas enlevé. Il faut savoir que le sage n’envisage pas ces impressions de la même manière que les autres ; elles ne pénètrent pas dans l’intimité de lui-même ; et cela est aussi vrai des autres impressions que des douleurs, de ses propres souffrances ou des souffrances d’autrui ; car ce serait faiblesse d’âme. La preuve ? C’est un avantage, pensonsnous, de ne pas voir ces malheurs ; c’est un avantage, s’ils arrivent, qu’ils n’arrivent qu’après notre mort ; et ainsi nous ne songeons pas à l’intérêt de ceux qui restent, mais au nôtre propre, qui est de ne pas souffrir. Voilà notre faiblesse ; il faut l’extirper et ne pas nous laisser effrayer par les événements. — Mais, dit-on, c’est un penchant naturel de souffrir du malheur de ses proches. — Que l’on sache bien que tout le monde n’est pas ainsi, et que le rôle de la vertu est de conduire les instincts communs à tous à une forme meilleure et plus belle que chez le vulgaire ; et il est beau de ne pas céder aux événements que redoute notre instinct. Il ne faut pas ignorer l’art de la lutte ; il faut prendre ses dispositions comme un habile athlète, dans la lutte contre les coups du sort ; il faut savoir qu’ils sont insupportables pour certaines natures, mais qu’ils sont supportables pour la sienne ; ils ne sont pas terribles, et seuls des enfants les redoutent ! — Le sage les veut-il donc ? — Non pas ; mais la présence de la vertu rend son âme inébranlable et impassible, même dans les événements qu’il n’a pas voulus.
Guthrie
NO MISFORTUNE IS TOO GREAT TO BE CONQUERED BY VIRTUE.
8. If the griefs that he himself undergoes are great, he will support them as well as he can; if they exceed his power of endurance, they will carry him off (as thought Seneca). In either case, he will not, in the midst of his sufferings, excite any pity: (ever master of his reason) he will not allow his own characteristic light to be extinguished. Thus the flame in the lighthouse continues to shine, in spite of the raging of the tempest, in spite of the violent blowing of the winds. (He should not be upset) even by loss of consciousness, or even if pain becomes so strong that its violence could almost annihilate him. If pain become more intense, he will decide as to what to do; for, under these circumstances, freedom of will is not necessarily lost (for suicide remains possible, as thought Seneca). Besides, we must realize that these sufferings do not present themselves to the wise man, under the same light as to the common man; that all these need not penetrate to the sanctuary of the man’s life; which indeed happens with the greater part of pains, griefs and evils that we see being suffered by others; it would be proof of weakness to be affected thereby. A no less manifest mark of weakness is to consider it an advantage to ignore all these evils, and to esteem ourselves happy that they happen only after death, without sympathizing with the fate of others, and thinking only to spare ourselves some grief This would be a weakness that we should eliminate in ourselves, not allowing ourselves to be frightened by the fear of what might happen. The objection that it is natural to be afflicted at the misfortunes of those who surround us, meets the answer that, to begin with, it is not so with every person; then, that it is part of the duty of virtue to ameliorate the common condition of human nature, and to raise it to what is more beautiful, rising above the opinions of the common people. It is indeed beautiful not to yield to what the common people usually consider to be evils. We should struggle against the blows of fortune not by affected ignoring (of difficulties, like an ostrich), but as a skilful athlete who knows that the dangers he is incurring are feared by certain natures, though a nature such as his bears them easily, seeing in them nothing terrible, or at least considering them terrifying only to children. Certainly, the wise man would not have invited these evils; but on being overtaken by them he opposes to them the virtue which renders the soul unshakable and impassible.
MacKenna
8. As for violent personal sufferings, he will carry them off as well as he can; if they overpass his endurance they will carry him off.
And so in all his pain he asks no pity: there is always the radiance in the inner soul of the man, untroubled like the light in a lantern when fierce gusts beat about it in a wild turmoil of wind and tempest.
But what if he be put beyond himself? What if pain grow so intense and so torture him that the agony all but kills? Well, when he is put to torture he will plan what is to be done: he retains his freedom of action.
Besides we must remember that the Sage sees things very differently from the average man; neither ordinary experiences nor pains and sorrows, whether touching himself or others, pierce to the inner hold. To allow them any such passage would be a weakness in our soul.
And it is a sign of weakness, too, if we should think it gain not to hear of miseries, gain to die before they come: this is not concern for others’ welfare but for our own peace of mind. Here we see our imperfection: we must not indulge it, we must put it from us and cease to tremble over what perhaps may be.
Anyone that says that it is in human nature to grieve over misfortune to our household must learn that this is not so with all, and that, precisely, it is virtue’s use to raise the general level of nature towards the better and finer, above the mass of men. And the finer is to set at nought what terrifies the common mind.
We cannot be indolent: this is an arena for the powerful combatant holding his ground against the blows of fortune, and knowing that, sore though they be to some natures, they are little to his, nothing dreadful, nursery terrors.
So, the Sage would have desired misfortune?
It is precisely to meet the undesired when it appears that he has the virtue which gives him, to confront it, his passionless and unshakeable soul.