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| + | ===== PLOTINO - TRATADO 34,16 (VI, 6, 16) — NÚMERO SUBSTANCIAIS E NÚMEROS MONÁDICOS ===== | ||
| + | <tabbox Míguez> | ||
| + | 16. ¿Dónde colocaríais, | ||
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| + | Diríamos entonces como comienzo a nuestra réplica que, cuando. . . (primeramente razonaremos con las cosas sensibles), cuando refiriéndoos a una cosa y luego a otra decís dos -por ejemplo, un perro y un hombre, o dos hombres-, o tomando más de dos habláis de diez hombres o de una decena de ellos, ese número no es una sustancia, y ni siquiera una sustancia sensible, sino una cantidad en sentido puro. Si dividís esta decena de unidades, considerándolas como partes de aquélla, lo que producís y planteáis es un principio de cantidad; porque estas unidades del número diez no constituyen realmente la unidad en sí. Pero cuando decís que el hombre en sí mismo es un cierto número, por ejemplo un dos, esto es animal y racional, no es ya del mismo modo como decís dos, sino que os abrís un camino y contáis dos cosas, haciendo de ellas una cantidad. Pero en tanto se den ahí dos cosas y cada una de ellas sea una unidad, una unidad que, desde luego, llena enteramente la esencia, es a otro número al que vosotros os referís, al número que consideramos como sustancial. La diada no es en manera alguna posterior ni dice solamente la cantidad fuera de cualquier otro aspecto de la cosa, sino que afirma lo que se da en la esencia e incluso lo que encierra la naturaleza de la cosa. Porque no producís el número por un recorrido de los seres que existen en sí y que no deben su existencia al hecho de que los enumeréis. Pues, ¿qué iría a ocurrir a la esencia de un hombre si vosotros lo enumeráis con otro hombre? No podremos admitir una unidad como la de un coro, ya que la decena de hombres de que hablamos sólo tiene unidad en el sujeto que la cuenta; en esa decena de hombres, que suponemos no ordenados en una unidad, ni siquera se da la decena; la formáis vosotros al proceder a la enumeración y haciendo del número diez una cantidad, en tanto que en un coro o en un ejército hay algo verdaderamente exterior. Pero, ¿cómo se da en el sujeto? Sin duda, porque se da en nosotros, antes de contar, un número interior; el otro número, que parece exterior por la referencia al número del sujeto, no es más que un acto de esos números y conforme a esos números. Se le engendra al contar y dándole en este acto categoría de cantidad, como, por ejemplo, en el acto de la marcha se otorga la existencia a un cierto movimiento. | ||
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| + | ¿De qué otra manera se da el número que existe en nosotros? Como un número de nuestra esencia. (Nuestra esencia) participa, dice (Platón), del número y de la armonía, y es a su vez número y armonía. Porque, dícese por alguno, no es un cuerpo ni una magnitud; el alma, pues, es un número, al ser una esencia. El número del cuerpo es una esencia, como el cuerpo mismo; y el del alma también es una esencia, al igual que las almas. Así acontece generalmente con los inteligibles. Y si el ser vivo en sí es todavía algo más, por ejemplo una tríada, esta tríada, interior al animal, es una tríada sustancial. En cuanto a la tríada que no es la del ser vivo o animal, sino la tríada del ser, la consideramos como principio de la esencia. Si procedéis a una enumeración como la de animal y bello, en cada '' | ||
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| + | <tabbox Bouillet> | ||
| + | XVI. Ces nombres, nous dira-t-on, que vous appelez nombres premiers et véritables, | ||
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| + | Nous allons répondre à ces questions, et voici par quoi nous croyons devoir commencer. | ||
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| + | Quand, considérant des objets visibles (car c'est par eux que nous devons débuter), quand, dis-je, prenant un être avec un autre être, un homme et un chien par exemple, ou deux hommes ensemble, vous dites qu'ils font deux, ou bien, quand, prenant un plus grand nombre d' | ||
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| + | Mais quand vous dites que l' | ||
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| + | En effet, ce n'est pas vous qui ici-bas produisez le nombre quand vous parcourez par la raison discursive des choses qui existent par elles-mêmes et qui ne doivent pas leur existence à ce que vous les nombrez : car vous n' | ||
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| + | En quel sens donc le nombre qui est en nous a-t-il un autre mode d' | ||
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| + | <tabbox Guthrie> | ||
| + | DIFFICULTIES CONNECTED WITH THESE INTELLIGIBLE NUMBERS. | ||
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| + | 16. The first objection might be, Where do you locate, or how do you classify these primary and veritable Numbers? All the philosophers (who follow Aristotle) classify numbers in the genus of quantity. It seems that we have above treated of quantity, and classified both discrete and continuous quantity among other " | ||
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| + | UNITY CONTAINED IN SENSE-OBJECTS IS NOT UNITY IN ITSELF. | ||
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| + | When, considering visible objects, by which we ought to begin, we combine one (being) with another, as for instance, a horse and a dog, or two men, and say that they form two; or, when considering a greater number of men we say they are ten, and form a group of ten, this number does not constitute being, nor an (accident) among sense-objects; | ||
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| + | NUMERALS PREDICATED OF THE MAN IN HIMSELF ARE ESSENTIAL. | ||
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| + | But when you say that the Man considered in himself is a number, as, for instance, a pair, because he is both animal and reasonable, we have here no more than a simple modality. For, while reasoning and enumerating we produce a quantity; but so far as there are here two things (animal and reasonable), | ||
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| + | COLLECTIVE NOUNS USED AS PROOF OF INDEPENDENT EXISTENCE. | ||
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| + | Indeed, it is not you who here below produce number when you by discursive reason range through things that exist by themselves, and which do not depend for their existence on your enumeration; | ||
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| + | THE NUMBER WITHIN IS THE NUMBER CONSTITUTIVE OF OUR BEING. | ||
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| + | In what sense does the number which is within us (before we enumerate) have a mode (of existence) other (than the one we produce in enumeration) ? Because it is the number constitutive of our being, which, as Plato says, participates in number and harmony, and is a number and harmony; for the soul is said to be neither a body nor an extension; she therefore is a number, since she is a being. The number of the body is a being of the same nature as the body; the number of the soul consists in the beings which are incorporeal like souls. Then, for the intelligible entities, if the animal itself be plurality, if it be a triad, the triad that exists in the animal is essential. As to the triad which subsists, not in the animal, but in essence, it is the principle of being. If you enumerate the animal and the beautiful, each of these two in itself is a unity; but (in enumerating them), you beget number in yourself, and you conceive a certain quantity, the pair. If (like the Pythagoreans) you say that virtue is a group of four, or tetrad, it is one so far as its parts (justice, prudence, courage, and temperance) contribute to the formation of a unity; you may add that this group of four, or tetrad, is a unity, so far as it is a kind of substrate; as to you, you connect this tetrad with the one that is inside of you. | ||
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| + | <tabbox MacKenna> | ||
| + | 16. But here we may be questioned about these numbers which we describe as the primal and authentic: | ||
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| + | "Where do you place these numbers, in what genus among Beings? To everyone they seem to come under Quantity and you have certainly brought Quantity in, where you say that discrete Quantity equally with the continuous holds place among Beings; but you go on to say that there are the numbers belonging to the Firsts and then talk of other numbers quite distinct, those of reckoning; tell us how you arrange all this, for there is difficulty here. And then, the unity in sense-things - is that a quantity or is quantity here just so many units brought together, the unity being the starting-point of quantity but not quantity itself? And, if the starting-point, | ||
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| + | Be it so; we begin by pointing out a distinction: | ||
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| + | You take one thing with another - for we must first deal with objects of sense - a dog and a man, or two men; or you take a group and affirm ten, a decad of men: in this case the number affirmed is not a Reality, even as Reality goes in the sphere of sense, but is purely Quantity: similarly when you resolve into units, breaking up the decad, those units are your principle of Quantity since the single individual is not a unity absolute. | ||
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| + | But the case is different when you consider one man in himself and affirm a certain number, duality, for example, in that he is at once living and reasoning. | ||
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| + | By this analysis and totalling, you get quantity; but there are two objects under consideration and each of these is one; each of the unities contributes to the complete being and the oneness is inherent in each; this is another kind of number; number essential; even the duality so formed is no posterior; it does not signify a quantity apart from the thing but the quantity in the essence which holds the thing together. The number here is no mere result of your detailing; the things exist of themselves and are not brought together by your reckoning, but what has it to do with essential reality that you count one man in with another? There is here no resultant unity such as that of a choir - the decad is real only to you who count the ten; in the ten of your reckoning there cannot be a decad without a unitary basis; it is you that make the ten by your counting, by fixing that tenness down to quantity; in choir and army there is something more than that, something not of your placing. | ||
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| + | But how do you come to have a number to place? | ||
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| + | The Number inherent apart from any enumeration has its own manner of being, but the other, that resulting upon the appearance of an external to be appraised by the Number within yourself, is either an Act of these inherent numbers or an Act in accordance with them; in counting we produce number and so bring quantity into being just as in walking we bring a certain movement into being. | ||
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| + | But what of that " | ||
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| + | It is the Number of our essence. "Our essence" | ||
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| + | In the Intellectuals, | ||
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| + | When you enumerate two things - say, animal and beauty - each of these remains one thing; the number is your production; it lay within yourself; it is you that elaborate quantity, here the dyad. But when you declare virtue to be a Tetrad, you are affirming a Tetrad which does actually exist; the parts, so to speak, make one thing; you are taking as the object of your act a Unity - Tetrad to which you accommodate the Tetrad within yourself. | ||
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| + | </ | ||
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| + | {{indexmenu> | ||
neoplatonismo/plotino/tratados-eneadas/34/34-16/start.txt · Last modified: by 127.0.0.1
