neoplatonismo:plotino:tratados-eneadas:38:38-25:start
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| + | ===== PLOTINO - TRATADO 38,25 (VI, 7, 25) — O BEM É O QUE SE ENCONTRA NO TOPO DO REAL ===== | ||
| + | <tabbox Míguez> | ||
| + | 25. En esto estaba Platón cuando hablaba del placer mezclado al fin y cuando escribía en el Filebo que el bien no es simple ni radica exclusivamente en la inteligencia. Se apartaba de la opinión de que el Bien es el placer y tenía razón al hacerlo, pero no pensaba por ello que habría de admitir una inteligencia privada de placer, ya que no veía así nada que pudiese movernos 1 . | ||
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| + | Posiblemente estimase Platón que el Bien es necesariamente motivo de alegría porque tiene en sí una naturaleza como la del placer; y creería justamente que un objeto deseado proporciona siempre alegría a quien lo alcanza. De ello resulta que para quien no hay alegría tampoco hay bien, y, por consiguiente, | ||
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| + | No es nada ilógico lo que se dice; porque el propio Platón buscaba, no el Bien primero, sino nuestro bien; son ambos cosas completamente diferentes, pues nuestro bien es un bien defectuoso y aun posiblemente compuesto. De ahí que el Bien aislado y único no necesite para nada de este bien, siendo como es un bien muy distinto y superior. Conviene, sin duda, que el Bien sea objeto de deseo, pero esto no quiere decir que sea el Bien porque es algo deseable. Lo contrario es más cierto: es deseable porque es el Bien. Para el ser que ocupa el puesto primero en la escala de los seres, el Bien es lo que se encuentra antes que él. Se da siempre una gradación ascendente, de tal modo qué cada realidad sea el bien para lo que se encuentra por debajo de ella; y suponemos, desde luego, que esta subida gradual no pierde en modo alguno su paso, sino que se encamina siempre hacia algo superior. Pero si es así, se hallará un término extremo por encima del cual no cabe ascender: es éste el término primero, o lo que es lo mismo, la verdadera realidad, causa de los restantes términos. Para la materia, su bien es la forma (no cabe duda que si la materia sintiese, se complacería con la forma); para el cuerpo lo es el alma, sin la cual el cuerpo no podría existir ni conservarse. Para el alma el bien es la virtud. Y ya en un plano más elevado tenemos la Inteligencia, | ||
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| + | <tabbox Bouillet> | ||
| + | XXV. Platon songeait sans doute à cette objection quand il mélangeait le plaisir à la fin , quand il établissait, | ||
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| + | Il faut donc que le bien soit désirable ; mais ce n'est pas parce qu'il est désirable qu'il est le bien, c'est parce qu'il est le bien qu'il est désirable (91). Ainsi, dans l' | ||
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| + | <tabbox Guthrie> | ||
| + | PLATO’S ANSWER TO PHILEBUS: THERE ARE TWO GOODS, THE HUMAN AND THE UNIVERSAL. | ||
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| + | 25. Plato therefore mingled the Good with pleasure, and did not posit the Good exclusively in Intelligence, | ||
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| + | THE ARISTOTELIAN SUPREME GOOD. | ||
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| + | The good must then be desirable; but it is good not because it is desirable, but it is desirable because it is good. Thus in the order of beings, rising from the last to the First, it will be found that the good of each of them is in the one immediately preceding, so long as this ascending scale remain proportionate and increasing. Then we will stop at Him who occupies the supreme rank, beyond which there is nothing more to seek. That is the First, the veritable, the sovereign Good, the author of all goodness in other beings. The good of matter is form; for if matter became capable of sensation it would receive it with pleasure. The good of the body is the soul; for without her it could neither exist nor last. The good of the soul is virtue; and then higher (waits), Intelligence. Last, the good of Intelligence is the principle called the Primary nature. Each of these goods produces something within the object whose good it is. It confers order and beauty (as form does on matter); or life (as the soul does on the body); or wisdom and happiness (as intelligence does on soul). Last, the Good communicates to Intelligence its influx, and actualization emanating from the Good, and shedding on Intelligence what has been called the light of the Good. The nature of this we shall study later. | ||
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| + | <tabbox MacKenna> | ||
| + | 25. It is in view, probably, of this difficulty that Plato, in the Philebus, makes pleasure an element in the Term; the good is not defined as a simplex or set in Intellectual-Principle alone; while he rightly refrains from identifying the good with the pleasant, yet he does not allow Intellectual-Principle, | ||
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| + | All this was very well; there the enquiry was not as to the Primal Good but as to ours; the good dealt with in that passage pertains to very different beings and therefore is a different good; it is a good falling short of that higher; it is a mingled thing; we are to understand that good does not hold place in the One and Alone whose being is too great and different for that. | ||
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| + | The good must, no doubt, be a thing pursued, not, however, good because it is pursued but pursued because it is good. | ||
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| + | The solution, it would seem, lies in priority: | ||
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| + | To the lowest of things the good is its immediate higher; each step represents the good to what stands lower so long as the movement does not tend awry but advances continuously towards the superior: thus there is a halt at the Ultimate, beyond which no ascent is possible: that is the First Good, the authentic, the supremely sovereign, the source of good to the rest of things. | ||
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| + | Matter would have Forming-Idea for its good, since, were it conscious, it would welcome that; body would look to soul, without which it could not be or endure; soul must look to virtue; still higher stands Intellectual-Principle; | ||
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| + | </ | ||
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| + | {{indexmenu> | ||
neoplatonismo/plotino/tratados-eneadas/38/38-25/start.txt · Last modified: by 127.0.0.1
